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Wall Insulation

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The concept of a warm home includes not only coziness and a friendly atmosphere. True warmth in a home comes from properly and reliably insulated walls. Don't forget about heating costs either.

With poor wall insulation, about 40% of heat escapes outdoors — a luxury no homeowner should afford.

Wall insulation refers to methods and elements used to protect buildings, rooms, roofs, and other structures from unwanted heat exchange with the external environment. It also includes materials used as protective components to retain heat.

Types of Wall Insulation

There are two main types of wall insulation: external and internal.

External insulation allows the structural wall to store heat, minimizing thermal losses. Additionally, external wall insulation enables full coverage of the facade with insulation material, eliminating thermal bridges and significantly reducing heat loss.

Common methods of external wall insulation include:

  • ventilated facade system (dry method): using glass wool or mineral wool as insulation material;
  • insulation covered with plaster (wet method): mineral boards or polystyrene insulation are fixed to exterior walls, then covered with a thin layer of plaster;
  • insulation embedded directly into the wall during construction.

Internal wall insulation protects the wall panel at points of maximum heat loss, though it reduces internal usable area. A structural frame is built inside the room and filled with insulation material. When choosing insulation, consider thermal resistance, durability, and ecological safety.

Materials for Wall Insulation

Insulation materials are classified by raw material type:

  • organic: polyurethane foam, PIR, PEF, polyethylene foam, foam glass;
  • inorganic: mineral wool, foam glass, glass fiber, cellular concrete, and others;
  • composite: perlite, asbestos-based products.

By form, insulation materials can be:

  • rigid: blocks, bricks, boards;
  • flexible: rope, rod, mats, pads;
  • granular;
  • fibrous;
  • powdery;
  • grainy.

As shown, wall insulation significantly reduces heat loss, making homes warmer and more comfortable. However, achieving optimal results also depends on properly executed finishing works (e.g., tile installation) and correctly designed conduits for wiring.