Electrical Wiring Installation

Tools for Electrical Wiring

Before starting electrical wiring installation, gather all necessary tools. Remember that wires in homes and apartments carry high voltage, so strictly follow safety rules, including using insulated tools. Tools must not have damaged working surfaces or parts that touch the installer’s hands. A wide range of tools may be needed (most are commonly available in every household). Often, power tools such as drills and hammer drills are also used.

Preparation for Electrical Wiring

Approach electrical wiring installation with full responsibility. Before starting, carefully plan the layout using paper and pencil to sketch a floor plan showing the positions of outlets, switches, and electrical appliances.

Choosing Cables and Other Materials

As you know, electrical wiring requires the cable itself. Today’s options are extensive, but it’s commonly recommended to use VVG 3x2.5 mm² cables for outlets and VVG 3x1.5 mm² for lighting. You can choose between aluminum and copper wiring—copper is clearly preferred.

Additional materials include corrugated conduits or cable channels, outlets, switches, terminal blocks for wire connections in junction boxes, anchors, nails, screws, and other fittings.

Electrical Wiring Installation Methods

For walls with plaster, a hammer drill is essential for creating grooves (chases) to house the cables. This task is straightforward with a clear pre-planned layout. Corrugated conduits are used when walls are covered with drywall. Alternatively, cables can be installed on the surface, especially when using cable channels—ideal for exposed installations.

Electrical Wiring Geometry and Safety Rules

Electrical wiring must follow specific standards. Vertical cables should be at least 100 mm from window and door openings, and 150–200 mm from heating pipes. At right-angle crossings, special asbestos inserts must be used for protection. Cables must be installed at least 400 mm from gas pipes.

Under floors and on suspended ceilings, wiring can be installed in any pattern, but must be enclosed in flexible conduits or metal tubes. Junction boxes must not be located under floors or on suspended ceilings—entire runs must be continuous.

Junction Boxes

Installing junction boxes is crucial, as all wire connections and splices occur here. Terminal blocks are typically used for secure, low-effort connections. Boxes should be placed for easy access during maintenance. They are usually embedded in plastered walls or installed into drywall.

Installing Outlets and Switches

Everyone using home electrical systems knows the purpose of outlets and switches. Installation must be done with care, after precisely defining their final positions. Avoid attempting installation without prior experience. Although the procedures are simple, it’s recommended to seek help or advice from a professional on the first attempt.

Installing the Lighting Distribution Board

The lighting distribution board is a key component of modern home electrical networks. It separates circuits into groups. Typically, wiring is divided into lighting circuits and outlet circuits. Dedicated groups are also used for high-power appliances such as washing machines, microwave ovens, water heaters, and electric stoves.

Rules for Electrical Wiring Installation

• Install wiring entirely and immediately, not in stages;
• calculate load requirements before installation;
• never compromise on material quality;
• replace wiring after planning, but before plastering;
• install meters, junction boxes, outlets, and switches in easily accessible locations for maintenance;
• open wiring installation is not permitted in kitchen areas;
• do not connect aluminum and copper wires together;
• maintain a minimum distance of 3 mm between adjacent cables;
• install one outlet per 6 square meters of room area;
• all conductive components must be fully insulated during installation.

The typical service life of electrical wiring is under 20 years. After this period, scheduled replacement is necessary. Otherwise, insulation may degrade, leading to short circuits and fire hazards. Replace electrical wiring on time, properly, and with care.